{"id":5776,"date":"2024-08-26T13:39:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T11:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\/practical-examples\/practical-examples-construction\/"},"modified":"2025-01-20T13:30:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:30:27","slug":"practical-examples-construction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/en\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\/practical-examples\/practical-examples-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"Practical examples: Construction"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    #page-headers-block_7cee26966ba6a790af0cfd8fd5901dfb  {\n        --gradientbackground: #00af69;\n        --gradientbackground: #00af69;\n        --gradientBackgroundLight: hsl(from #00af69 h calc(s * 0.8) calc(l * 1.3));\n        --gradientBackgroundLight2: hsl(from #00af69 h s calc(l * 1.5));\n            }\n<\/style>\n<section id=\"page-headers-block_7cee26966ba6a790af0cfd8fd5901dfb\" class=\" hyphens-auto  mb-base  md:mb-xl \">\n                <header class=\"theGrid14 grid-rows-auto-s-s overflow-hidden relative bg-white\">\n            <figure class=\"absolute col-span-all row-span-all w-full  opacity-40 blur-md scale-110 overflow-hidden pointer-events-none \"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"order-1 w-full h-full object-cover\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-748x499.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" alt=\"Construction industry\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>            <h1 data-left class=\"py-base  col-span-12 col-start-2 row-start-1 self-end md:col-span-6 md:col-start-2 z-10\">\n                <span class=\"text-blue pt-xs ikv-condensed block hyphens-none text-balance text-3xl font-bold pb-xs leading-none md:text-rigth\">\n                    Practical examples                  <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"text-blue block hyphens-none text-balance font-serif text-base font-semibold md:text-rigth\">\n                        Industries: Building &amp; Construction                    <\/span>\n                            <\/h1>\n            <figure class=\" contents \"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"col-span-full md:col-span-6 md:row-span-3 w-full h-full object-cover z-10\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-748x499.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" alt=\"Construction industry\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><span class=\"text-blue md:pb-xs text-copyright col-start-2  col-span-3 row-span-1 row-start-3 pb-4 md:col-span-5 md:col-start-3 md:row-start-3 md:text-right xl:col-span-4 xl:col-start-4 xl:row-start-3 z-10\">&copy; Gorlovkv<\/span><figcaption class=\"text-blue  text-figcaption col-span-9 row-span-1 row-start-3 text-right sm:col-span-8 sm:col-start-6 md:col-span-5 md:col-start-3 md:row-start-2 xl:col-span-4 xl:col-start-4 xl:row-start-2 mt-0 pb-xs md:pb-0 z-10\">Plastics play an indispensable role in the construction industry, whether in seals, pipes or insulation materials.<\/figcaption><\/figure>        <\/header>\n    \n                <\/section>\n\n<section id=\"toc-block_a385b95f727ad95c730e7fc6a2e8d61a\" class=\"   py-xl  \">\n    <div class=\"theGridWrapper \">\n        <nav class=\"theGrid12 \">\n            <div class=\"relative\n            col-start-1 col-span-12\n            md:col-start-2 md:col-span-10\n            sm:before:block sm:before:bg-blue before:h-[1px] before:w-full before:absolute before:translate-y-[1.3em] before:-z-10\">\n                <h3 class=\"font-serif text-blue text-xl font-semibold sm:text-center\">\n                    <span class=\"inline-block bg-white sm:px-base\">\n                        Examples on this page                    <\/span>\n                <\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul class=\"\n            col-start-1 col-span-12\n            sm:columns-2\n            md:col-start-2 md:col-span-10\n            md:columns-3\n            lg:col-start-3 lg:col-span-8\n            gap-x-xs gap-y-0\n            \">\n                                                        <li class=\"flex gap-x-[.2em]  text-blue font-thin text-base overflow-hidden  \">\n                        <div class=\"flex-[0_0_1.2em]\">\n                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined \"> fiber_manual_record <\/span>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <a href='#PC+multi-skin+sheets' class='text-blue no-underline border-b-dashed translate-y-[.125em] block '>PC multi-skin sheets<\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                                        <li class=\"flex gap-x-[.2em]  text-blue font-thin text-base overflow-hidden  \">\n                        <div class=\"flex-[0_0_1.2em]\">\n                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined \"> fiber_manual_record <\/span>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <a href='#Fastening+systems' class='text-blue no-underline border-b-dashed translate-y-[.125em] block '>Fastening systems<\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                                        <li class=\"flex gap-x-[.2em]  text-blue font-thin text-base overflow-hidden  \">\n                        <div class=\"flex-[0_0_1.2em]\">\n                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined \"> fiber_manual_record <\/span>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <a href='#Network+components' class='text-blue no-underline border-b-dashed translate-y-[.125em] block '>Network components<\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                                        <li class=\"flex gap-x-[.2em]  text-blue font-thin text-base overflow-hidden  \">\n                        <div class=\"flex-[0_0_1.2em]\">\n                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined \"> fiber_manual_record <\/span>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <a href='#Domestic+pipework' class='text-blue no-underline border-b-dashed translate-y-[.125em] block '>Domestic pipework<\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                            <\/ul>\n        <\/nav>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<ul id=\"toc-menu\" class=\"flex flex-col\">\n    <!-- <li>\n        <a href=\"#toc-block_a385b95f727ad95c730e7fc6a2e8d61a\" class=\"no-underline\">\n            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\"> toc <\/span>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/li> -->\n            <li class=\"group\/toc relative  align-middle \"><a href='#PC+multi-skin+sheets' class='no-underline  block relative'><span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\"> fiber_manual_record <\/span><span class='none group-hover\/toc:grad-xl pointer-events-none absolute right-0 top-0 flex h-full w-[30ch] translate-x-base items-center justify-end text-balance pr-xl text-right text-base tracking-wide no-underline opacity-0 transition-all delay-0 duration-500 ease-in-out group-hover\/sidebar:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/toc:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/sidebar:-translate-x-0 group-hover\/toc:-translate-x-base group-hover\/sidebar:opacity-100 group-hover\/sidebar:delay-300 group-hover\/toc:delay-0\n    '>PC multi-skin sheets<\/span><\/a><\/li>            <li class=\"group\/toc relative  align-middle \"><a href='#Fastening+systems' class='no-underline  block relative'><span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\"> fiber_manual_record <\/span><span class='none group-hover\/toc:grad-xl pointer-events-none absolute right-0 top-0 flex h-full w-[30ch] translate-x-base items-center justify-end text-balance pr-xl text-right text-base tracking-wide no-underline opacity-0 transition-all delay-0 duration-500 ease-in-out group-hover\/sidebar:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/toc:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/sidebar:-translate-x-0 group-hover\/toc:-translate-x-base group-hover\/sidebar:opacity-100 group-hover\/sidebar:delay-300 group-hover\/toc:delay-0\n    '>Fastening systems<\/span><\/a><\/li>            <li class=\"group\/toc relative  align-middle \"><a href='#Network+components' class='no-underline  block relative'><span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\"> fiber_manual_record <\/span><span class='none group-hover\/toc:grad-xl pointer-events-none absolute right-0 top-0 flex h-full w-[30ch] translate-x-base items-center justify-end text-balance pr-xl text-right text-base tracking-wide no-underline opacity-0 transition-all delay-0 duration-500 ease-in-out group-hover\/sidebar:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/toc:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/sidebar:-translate-x-0 group-hover\/toc:-translate-x-base group-hover\/sidebar:opacity-100 group-hover\/sidebar:delay-300 group-hover\/toc:delay-0\n    '>Network components<\/span><\/a><\/li>            <li class=\"group\/toc relative  align-middle \"><a href='#Domestic+pipework' class='no-underline  block relative'><span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\"> fiber_manual_record <\/span><span class='none group-hover\/toc:grad-xl pointer-events-none absolute right-0 top-0 flex h-full w-[30ch] translate-x-base items-center justify-end text-balance pr-xl text-right text-base tracking-wide no-underline opacity-0 transition-all delay-0 duration-500 ease-in-out group-hover\/sidebar:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/toc:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/sidebar:-translate-x-0 group-hover\/toc:-translate-x-base group-hover\/sidebar:opacity-100 group-hover\/sidebar:delay-300 group-hover\/toc:delay-0\n    '>Domestic pipework<\/span><\/a><\/li>    <\/ul>\n<a href=\"#toc-block_a385b95f727ad95c730e7fc6a2e8d61a\" class=\"\n    z-20\n    lg:hidden\n    fixed\n    flex\n    items-center\n    justify-center\n    w-[2em]\n    h-[2em]\n\n    rounded-full\n    bottom-m\n    right-m\n    bg-white\n    text-blue\n\n    no-underline\n    scale-125\n    shadow-md\n    \">\n    <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined !translate-y-[0] scale-125 \"> list <\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n    var elementToMove = document.querySelector('#toc-menu');\n    var newParent = document.querySelector('#toc-wrapper');\n    newParent.appendChild(elementToMove);\n<\/script>\n\n\n<a id=\"toc-marker-block_ae0d3fda66ee75fb21cbf815bef9c58e\" class=\"toc-marker -top-[--toc-height] \" name=\"PC+multi-skin+sheets\" data-tocmarker=\"PC+multi-skin+sheets\"><\/a>\n\n    <section id=\"headline-block_921ba19531f9a035c0c2de48f1d605b4\" class=\"block-headline   bg-blue\">\n        <div class=\"theGridWrapper hyphens-auto\">\n            <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n                <div class=\"\n                col-span-10\n                col-start-2\n                xl:col-span-9\n                xl:col-start-3\n                text-4xl\npy-8\n                \">\n                    <div class=\"\n                    \">\n                        <h3 class=\" leading-none text-green \">\n                            Hole formations                          <\/h3>\n                                                    <h3 class=\"pt-4 font-semibold  text-white  leading-none\">\n                                in polycarbonate multi-skin sheets                            <\/h3>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section id=\"two-columns-block_e86edf15709af3c2dfede58677a82410\" class=\"block-two-columns blocksection \">\n    <div class=\"theGridWrapper\">\n        <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n            <div class=\"wysiwyg\n            relative\n\n            col-start-1\n            col-span-12\n\n            md:col-start-3\n            md:col-span-9\n            md:gap-8\n\n            lg:col-start-3\n            lg:col-span-8\n\n            2xl:col-start-2\n            2xl:col-span-9\n\n            2xl:gap-[7rem]\n\n            sm:columns-2\n            hyphens-auto \n            sm:after:content-['\\00A0']\n            sm:after:block\n            sm:after:h-3xl\n            \">\n                <figure id=\"attachment_2773\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2773\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"848\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten.png 848w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-748x258.png 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-768x264.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 848px) 100vw, 848px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perforations in PC multi-skin sheets <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Problem definition<\/h3>\n<p>Hail damage in the form of perforations in strip lighting on flat roofs of industrial buildings leads to very high costs for building insurers every year. Claims are often settled in the face of the supposed contradiction that, according to literature and existing publications, the damage, which initially appears to be hailstorm damage, cannot be explained by the expected low kinetic energies of small hailstones. <\/p>\n<h3>Methodology\/Analytics:<\/h3>\n<p>Extensive investigations and adjustment tests were carried out at the IKV in order to clarify the cause of the damage to the existing hole formation in PC multi-skin sheets of several hall roofs. This included the construction of a hail impact test rig and the detailed microscopic examination of authentic and reconstructed pitting and associated multi-skin sheet segments with different ageing conditions <\/p>\n<h3>Result:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Extensive cracking on the outside (service life &gt;20 years)<\/li>\n<li>Elastomer particles exposed on the surface<\/li>\n<li>Wall thickness loss of approx. 20%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h4>Shot tests were able to reproduce authentic hole formations:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Projectile diameter 9 mm (PA12 balls)<\/li>\n<li>Projectile speed 12 m\/s<\/li>\n<li>Kinetic projectile energy 0.04 J<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2775\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"848\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-2.png 848w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-2-748x340.png 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Lochbildungen-in-PC-Stegplatten-2-768x350.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 848px) 100vw, 848px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hail shot test stand <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On the basis of the results generated, the contradiction mentioned at the beginning could be dispelled for the cases investigated because it was proven that the damage could have been caused by hailstorms given the obvious ageing of the material. The results of the investigation also make it clear that aspects of the age-related condition of the material should be included in the assessment of comparable cases of damage in the course of insurance settlements. <\/p>\n    <article itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\" border-t border-green border-dotted pt-base mt-base\">\n        <figure class=\" dn_no_select  rounded-full  w-[10em] h-auto object-cov overflow-hidden mb-base bigInMiddle\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"dn-no-drag w-full h-auto object-cover\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-748x748.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-335x335.jpg 335w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" alt=\"Christoph-Zekorn\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>        <h2 itemprop='name' class=\"font-bold\">\n             Christoph Zekorn        <\/h2>\n                    <p itemprop='jobTitle' class=\"\">\n                Head of the Microscopic Analysis Laboratory            <\/p>\n                            <div>\n                <h3 class=\"mt-2xs\">Kontakt:<\/h3>\n                <p>\n                    <span itemprop=\"telephone\">+49 241 80-28341<\/span><br>\n                <\/p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:christoph.zekorn@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" itemprop=\"email\">christoph.zekorn@ikv.rwth-aachen.de<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                <ul class=\"flex gap-xs mt-xs\">\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"tel:+49 241 80-28341\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform 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        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<a id=\"toc-marker-block_32dcb59b9a4e833375b72de0f5be02e0\" class=\"toc-marker -top-[--toc-height] \" name=\"Fastening+systems\" data-tocmarker=\"Fastening+systems\"><\/a>\n\n    <section id=\"headline-block_51de386139aea8adbc91196836f2eea9\" class=\"block-headline   bg-blue\">\n        <div class=\"theGridWrapper hyphens-auto\">\n            <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n                <div class=\"\n                col-span-10\n                col-start-2\n                xl:col-span-9\n                xl:col-start-3\n                text-4xl\npy-8\n                \">\n                    <div class=\"\n                    \">\n                        <h3 class=\" leading-none text-green \">\n                            Material selection                          <\/h3>\n                                                    <h3 class=\"pt-4 font-semibold  text-white  leading-none\">\n                                for fastening systems                            <\/h3>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section id=\"two-columns-block_4ef0afd124b671d4e4232b8a33b6bed3\" class=\"block-two-columns blocksection \">\n    <div class=\"theGridWrapper\">\n        <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n            <div class=\"wysiwyg\n            relative\n\n            col-start-1\n            col-span-12\n\n            md:col-start-3\n            md:col-span-9\n            md:gap-8\n\n            lg:col-start-3\n            lg:col-span-8\n\n            2xl:col-start-2\n            2xl:col-span-9\n\n            2xl:gap-[7rem]\n\n            sm:columns-2\n            hyphens-auto \n            sm:after:content-['\\00A0']\n            sm:after:block\n            sm:after:h-3xl\n            \">\n                <figure id=\"attachment_2712\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2712\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem.jpg 847w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-748x499.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plastic fastening system to be tested <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Problem: Material selection with regard to service life prediction<\/h3>\n<p>External influences such as temperature, atmospheric oxygen and UV radiation stress plastics, which initially impairs their usability and subsequently leads to component failure. For outdoor use, the material must be sufficiently stabilised. The long-term behavior of three polyethylene types (&#8220;I&#8221; to &#8220;III&#8221;) will be described for the purpose of material selection for outdoor fastening systems (without direct UV radiation).<\/p>\n<h3>Methodology: Material characterisation after accelerated ageing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Accelerated ageing due to thermo-oxidative stress at higher temperatures in atmospheric oxygen<\/li>\n<li>Determination of the resistance to oxygen based on the residual stabilisation via the oxidation induction time (OIT)<\/li>\n<li>Detection of material damage due to oxidation using infrared spectroscopic analysis<\/li>\n<li>Mechanical failure behavior via the characteristic values modulus of elasticity, yield stress and elongation at yield (tensile tests)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Result: considerable deviations in terms of service life<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ce-textpic ce-left ce-intext\">\n<div class=\"ce-gallery\" data-ce-columns=\"1\" data-ce-images=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ce-row\">\n<div class=\"ce-column\">Two materials show a strong dependence of the OIT on the storage time. Material &#8220;I&#8221; shows a long service life prognosis due to almost constant oxidation induction times, an unchanged structure and good mechanical properties, while types &#8220;II&#8221; and &#8220;III&#8221; proved to be prematurely ageing due to low stabilisation (decreasing OITs), followed by material damage due to oxidation (using IR) and embrittlement (tensile test).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2714\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-Lebensdauervorhersage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-Lebensdauervorhersage.jpg 847w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-Lebensdauervorhersage-748x397.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Befestigungssystem-Lebensdauervorhersage-768x408.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resistance of accelerated aged materials <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This simple combination of thermal, spectroscopic and mechanical tests enabled the material to be qualified.<\/p>\n    <article itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\" border-t border-green border-dotted pt-base mt-base\">\n        <figure class=\" dn_no_select  rounded-full  w-[10em] h-auto object-cov overflow-hidden mb-base bigInMiddle\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"dn-no-drag w-full h-auto object-cover\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-scaled.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-748x748.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-335x335.jpg 335w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sabine-standfuss-holthausen-square-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" alt=\"sabine-standfu\u00df-holthausen-square\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>        <h2 itemprop='name' class=\"font-bold\">\n            Dr. rer. nat. Sabine Standfu\u00df-Holthausen        <\/h2>\n                    <p itemprop='jobTitle' class=\"\">\n                Head of the Spectroscopic Analysis Laboratory            <\/p>\n                            <div>\n                <h3 class=\"mt-2xs\">Kontakt:<\/h3>\n                <p>\n                    <span itemprop=\"telephone\">+49 241 80-27319<\/span><br>\n                <\/p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:sabine.standfuss-holthausen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" itemprop=\"email\">sabine.standfuss-holthausen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                <ul class=\"flex gap-xs mt-xs\">\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"tel:+49 241 80-27319\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='+49 241 80-27319'  data-content-type='phone'  data-copy='The number has been copied to your device clipboard.'  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> phone <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"mailto:sabine.standfuss-holthausen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='sabine.standfuss-holthausen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de'  data-content-type='mail'  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> mail <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                        <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"\/vcard\/?id=2067\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='\/vcard\/?id=2067'  download  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> download <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/article>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<a id=\"toc-marker-block_5dec033818e6ec005435e7fdf3d5dd0e\" class=\"toc-marker -top-[--toc-height] \" name=\"Network+components\" data-tocmarker=\"Network+components\"><\/a>\n\n    <section id=\"headline-block_6418f4bae2fb430c8bd14b864b882e95\" class=\"block-headline   bg-blue\">\n        <div class=\"theGridWrapper hyphens-auto\">\n            <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n                <div class=\"\n                col-span-10\n                col-start-2\n                xl:col-span-9\n                xl:col-start-3\n                text-4xl\npy-8\n                \">\n                    <div class=\"\n                    \">\n                        <h3 class=\" leading-none text-green \">\n                            Mechanical testing                        <\/h3>\n                                                    <h3 class=\"pt-4 font-semibold  text-white  leading-none\">\n                                of network components                            <\/h3>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section id=\"two-columns-block_3661d3a2094d08cfc027c3a3db5af44b\" class=\"block-two-columns blocksection \">\n    <div class=\"theGridWrapper\">\n        <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n            <div class=\"wysiwyg\n            relative\n\n            col-start-1\n            col-span-12\n\n            md:col-start-3\n            md:col-span-9\n            md:gap-8\n\n            lg:col-start-3\n            lg:col-span-8\n\n            2xl:col-start-2\n            2xl:col-span-9\n\n            2xl:gap-[7rem]\n\n            sm:columns-2\n            hyphens-auto \n            sm:after:content-['\\00A0']\n            sm:after:block\n            sm:after:h-3xl\n            \">\n                <h3>Industry-specific testing and analysis services for plastic piping components and add-on fittings<\/h3>\n<p>Plastic components used in supply networks are examined and evaluated at the Center for Plastics Analysis and Testing (KAP). The mechanical testing laboratories provide very different test concepts: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Torsional shear tests<\/li>\n<li>Tensile, compression and bending tests<\/li>\n<li>Hardness test<\/li>\n<li>Determination of impact strength<\/li>\n<li>Impact bending test at high load speeds<\/li>\n<li>Compression set tests on seals<\/li>\n<li>Creep behavior of pipe materials under the influence of media<\/li>\n<li>Leakage analysis of mechanically and medially loaded seals<\/li>\n<li>Investigation of fatigue behavior under dynamic load<\/li>\n<li>Long-term behavior of pipe materials under additional medial load<\/li>\n<li>Microscopic weld seam examinations (heat-affected zone, morphology, electrofusion distribution)<\/li>\n<li>Examination of screw and crimp connectors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition to plastics engineering DIN standards, specifications from industry-specific regulations according to DVGW and\/or DVS are often used as the basis for the tests. In addition, solutions for individual testing tasks are available by means of adaptation to existing testing and analysis systems. <\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3>Methodology: Torsional shear tests to evaluate the weld seam quality by means of mechanical loading<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2777\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2777\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Mechanische-Pruefung-von-Versorgungsnetzkomponenten.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"879\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Mechanische-Pruefung-von-Versorgungsnetzkomponenten.jpg 350w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Mechanische-Pruefung-von-Versorgungsnetzkomponenten-298x748.jpg 298w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Torsional shear tests to evaluate the weld seam quality |<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Today, the connection of pipe and socket or add-on fitting is often made using plastic welding processes. The quality of the welded joints is verified in accordance with applicable guidelines by means of mechanical loading until failure in torsional shear tests. For this purpose, test specimens are machined out of the welded joint and twisted.  <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Result: Proof of perfect weld seam quality<\/h3>\n<p>Only a high-quality welded joint will lead to ductile failure in the base material of the joint under mechanical stress. Otherwise, a brittle separation of the joint surface indicates a defective weld, which can be the cause of faults in an otherwise safe operation of the supply networks. <\/p>\n    <article itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\" border-t border-green border-dotted pt-base mt-base\">\n        <figure class=\" dn_no_select  rounded-full  w-[10em] h-auto object-cov overflow-hidden mb-base bigInMiddle\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"dn-no-drag w-full h-auto object-cover\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-scaled.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-748x748.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-335x335.jpg 335w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Tobias-Conen-Square-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" alt=\"Tobias-Conen-Square\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>        <h2 itemprop='name' class=\"font-bold\">\n             Tobias Conen, M. Sc.        <\/h2>\n                    <p itemprop='jobTitle' class=\"\">\n                Head of the Mechanical Testing Lab            <\/p>\n                            <div>\n                <h3 class=\"mt-2xs\">Kontakt:<\/h3>\n                <p>\n                    <span itemprop=\"telephone\">+49 241 80-28345<\/span><br>\n                <\/p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:tobias.conen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" itemprop=\"email\">tobias.conen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                <ul class=\"flex gap-xs mt-xs\">\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"tel:+49 241 80-28345\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='+49 241 80-28345'  data-content-type='phone'  data-copy='The number has been copied to your device clipboard.'  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> phone <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"mailto:tobias.conen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='tobias.conen@ikv.rwth-aachen.de'  data-content-type='mail'  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> mail <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                        <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"\/vcard\/?id=1570\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='\/vcard\/?id=1570'  download  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> download <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/article>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<a id=\"toc-marker-block_921fd878bf826a02e660684765eb0dbb\" class=\"toc-marker -top-[--toc-height] \" name=\"Domestic+pipework\" data-tocmarker=\"Domestic+pipework\"><\/a>\n\n    <section id=\"headline-block_f3550caa9e37e4774f3f1d6e9aa6b666\" class=\"block-headline   bg-blue\">\n        <div class=\"theGridWrapper hyphens-auto\">\n            <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n                <div class=\"\n                col-span-10\n                col-start-2\n                xl:col-span-9\n                xl:col-start-3\n                text-4xl\npy-8\n                \">\n                    <div class=\"\n                    \">\n                        <h3 class=\" leading-none text-green \">\n                            Investigation of                        <\/h3>\n                                                    <h3 class=\"pt-4 font-semibold  text-white  leading-none\">\n                                Building services piping                            <\/h3>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section id=\"two-columns-block_e2e98c1851e09de1fd8896fa467911ab\" class=\"block-two-columns blocksection \">\n    <div class=\"theGridWrapper\">\n        <div class=\"theGrid12\">\n            <div class=\"wysiwyg\n            relative\n\n            col-start-1\n            col-span-12\n\n            md:col-start-3\n            md:col-span-9\n            md:gap-8\n\n            lg:col-start-3\n            lg:col-span-8\n\n            2xl:col-start-2\n            2xl:col-span-9\n\n            2xl:gap-[7rem]\n\n            sm:columns-2\n            hyphens-auto \n            sm:after:content-['\\00A0']\n            sm:after:block\n            sm:after:h-3xl\n            \">\n                <figure id=\"attachment_2748\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2748\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik.jpg 847w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-748x499.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pipes in the building <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Problem: Welding defects on building services pipelines<\/h3>\n<p>The air conditioning of a new building was installed using plastic piping systems in hollow floors, suspended ceilings and under plaster. During the installation, approx. 20 kilometers of piping of various diameters were laid and connected to each other via several hundred welds. Apparent defects, particularly in the <b>joints<\/b> (butt and socket welding), suggested that the work had not been carried out professionally in accordance with the applicable<b> DVS 2202 guideline<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3>Methodology: Building inspection and microscopic thin section examinations<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>On-site assessment of the construction object, including documentation and sampling of representative welded joints for laboratory tests<\/li>\n<li>Thin section preparation in the joining area of welded joints<\/li>\n<li>Polarisation microscopic examination of the thin sections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Result: insufficient joining quality<\/h3>\n<p>On site, some of the pipes showed serious angular deviations of up to 10\u00b0 (permissible max. 2\u00b0 according to assessment group &#8220;II&#8221;) in addition to weld misalignment. The marking of the prescribed pipe insertion depth (socket welds) was missing in the entire pipe network. Furthermore, inadmissible deviations from the applicable installation guidelines were evident (installation under mechanical tension \/ pipe fixing points \/ creation of compensating bends).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2710\" src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-Fehlstelle.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-Fehlstelle.jpg 847w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-Fehlstelle-748x499.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IKV-KAP-Praxisbeispiel-Rohrleitungen-Haustechnik-Fehlstelle-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thin section of a butt weld seam <i>IKV<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The microscopic examinations revealed some large cavities in the joint area, which are a sign of poor welding. A permanent joint strength is not to be expected.<\/p>\n    <article itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\" border-t border-green border-dotted pt-base mt-base\">\n        <figure class=\" dn_no_select  rounded-full  w-[10em] h-auto object-cov overflow-hidden mb-base bigInMiddle\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"dn-no-drag w-full h-auto object-cover\"  src=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-748x748.jpg 748w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-335x335.jpg 335w, https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Christoph-Zekorn-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" alt=\"Christoph-Zekorn\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure>        <h2 itemprop='name' class=\"font-bold\">\n             Christoph Zekorn        <\/h2>\n                    <p itemprop='jobTitle' class=\"\">\n                Head of the Microscopic Analysis Laboratory            <\/p>\n                            <div>\n                <h3 class=\"mt-2xs\">Kontakt:<\/h3>\n                <p>\n                    <span itemprop=\"telephone\">+49 241 80-28341<\/span><br>\n                <\/p>\n                <a href=\"mailto:christoph.zekorn@ikv.rwth-aachen.de\" itemprop=\"email\">christoph.zekorn@ikv.rwth-aachen.de<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                <ul class=\"flex gap-xs mt-xs\">\n            <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"tel:+49 241 80-28341\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='+49 241 80-28341'  data-content-type='phone'  data-copy='The number 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22.6970052,12.8643566 22.6970052,16.3970067 C22.6970052,19.9296567 19.8566406,22.7940133 16.349349,22.7940133 Z M11.0325521,62 L21.769401,62 L21.769401,27.3333333 L11.0325521,27.3333333 L11.0325521,62 Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n    <\/g>\n<\/svg>\n            <\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                        <li>\n                    <a data-con-tap href=\"\/vcard\/?id=1594\" class=\"text-[1.5em] w-[1.5em] h-[1.5em] flex justify-center  no-underline relative items-center text-white hover:scale-110 transform transition-all duration-200 ease-in-out bg-green   hover:bg-blue  rounded-full   \"  data-content='\/vcard\/?id=1594'  download  target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class='material-symbols-outlined -mt-2'> download <\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/article>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plastics are indispensable in the construction industry, whether in seals, pipes or insulation materials. Our practical examples from this sector show how targeted damage analyses have enabled material defects to be identified and rectified at an early stage. In this way, we contribute to the longevity and safety of buildings.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3188,"parent":5775,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5776","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Practical examples: Construction | IKV-Aachen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the methodology we use at KAP. Illustrative practical examples of KAP in the field of construction show practice-oriented solutions for cases of damage and production errors.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/en\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\/practical-examples\/practical-examples-construction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Practical examples: Construction | IKV-Aachen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the methodology we use at KAP. Illustrative practical examples of KAP in the field of construction show practice-oriented solutions for cases of damage and production errors.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/en\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\/practical-examples\/practical-examples-construction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IKV-Aachen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=523026911193540&amp;_rdr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-20T13:30:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ikv-aachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1706\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/en\\\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\\\/practical-examples\\\/practical-examples-construction\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/en\\\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\\\/practical-examples\\\/practical-examples-construction\\\/\",\"name\":\"Practical examples: Construction | IKV-Aachen\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/en\\\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\\\/practical-examples\\\/practical-examples-construction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/en\\\/center-for-plastic-analysis-and-testing-kap\\\/practical-examples\\\/practical-examples-construction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ikv-aachen.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/close-up-blue-pvc-plumbing-pipes-stacked-wooden-pa-2024-04-04-03-52-34-utc-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-26T11:39:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-20T13:30:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discover the methodology we use at KAP. 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